Android控件

TextView

基础属性详解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/tv_one"
        android:textColor="#CDDC39"
        android:textStyle="normal"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="#2196F3"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="lele"
        />
</LinearLayout>

string这种使用方式不是规范的，规范的使用方式为，在app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml下添加

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">AndroidBasis</string>
    <string name="tv_one">lele</string>
</resources>

再以这样的方式使用

android:text="@string/tv_one"

color有8位数字组成，前两位代表透明度，后六位分别代表红绿蓝的程度

带阴影的TextView

为了使效果明显去掉背景颜色

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_one"
        android:layout_width="444dp"
        android:layout_height="848dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:shadowColor="#2196F3"
        android:shadowRadius="3.0"
        android:shadowDx="10.0"
        android:shadowDy="10.0"
        android:text="@string/tv_one"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textStyle="normal" />
</LinearLayout>

实现跑马灯效果的TextView

基本设置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_one"
        android:layout_width="444dp"
        android:layout_height="848dp"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:focusable="true"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="true"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
        android:shadowColor="#2196F3"
        android:shadowDx="10.0"
        android:shadowDy="10.0"
        android:shadowRadius="3.0"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:text="@string/tv_one"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textStyle="normal"/>
</LinearLayout>

三种方式使TextView获取焦点

第一种：点击获得焦点

添加  android:clickable="true"

第二种：自定义一个类，调用isFocused()

自定义一个类，调用isFocused()
MyTextView:
package a.b.c.mytextview;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class MyTextView extends TextView {
    public MyTextView(Context context)
    {
        super(context);
    }

    public MyTextView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public MyTextView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr)
    {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }

    public MyTextView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes)
    {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isFocused()
    {
        return true;
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <a.b.c.mytextview.MyTextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_one"
        android:layout_width="444dp"
        android:layout_height="848dp"
        android:ellipsize="marquee"
        android:focusable="true"
        android:focusableInTouchMode="true"
        android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
        android:shadowColor="#2196F3"
        android:shadowDx="10.0"
        android:shadowDy="10.0"
        android:shadowRadius="3.0"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:text="@string/tv_one"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textStyle="normal"/>
</LinearLayout>

第三种：添加标签

结尾添加 <requestFocus>

Button

StateListDrawable

改变背景颜色直接使用 android:background=”@color/black”是没有效果的，需要修改themes.xml文件

更换背景图片

导入图片

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:text="我是按钮"
        android:background="@drawable/btn_selector"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/baseline_10k_24" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/baseline_arrow_circle_down_24"/>
</selector>

更换背景图片颜色

创建color文件

创建ColorResourec File

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@drawable/btn_selector"
        android:backgroundTint="@color/btn_color_selector"
        android:text="我是按钮" />
</LinearLayout>

Button事件处理

点击事件、长按事件、触摸事件

package a.b.c.mybutton;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "lele";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
        //设置点击事件
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            ;

            @Override
            public void onClick(View view)
            {
                Log.e(TAG, "onClick: ");

            }
        });
        //设置长按事件
        btn.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onLongClick(View view)
            {
                Log.e(TAG, "onLongClick: ");
                return false;
            }
        });
        //设置触摸事件
        btn.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View view, MotionEvent motionEvent)
            {
                Log.e(TAG, "onTouch: "+ motionEvent.getAction() );
                return false;
            }
        });
    }
}

若是将OnTouch的返回值改为true，另外两个都不会执行，称为事件被OnTouch消费了；若是将OnLongClick改为true，OnTouch会执行，OnClick不会执行

另一种代替OnClick的方法

android:onClick="leleOnclick"
在MainActivity中创造此方法
	public void leleOnclick(View view)
    	{

    	}

EditText

package a.b.c.myedittext;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText edt_test;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn = findViewById(R.id.btn_get);
        edt_test = findViewById(R.id.edt);
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view)
            {
                String text = edt_test.getText().toString();
                Log.e("lele", "输入的内容 "+text );
            }
        });
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <EditText
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:hint="请输入用户名"
        android:textColorHint="#03A9F4"
        android:inputType="phone"
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:id="@+id/edt"
        />

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        android:hint="请输入用户名"
        android:drawablePadding="30dp"
        android:paddingLeft="20dp"
        android:background="@color/white"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="获取内容"
        android:id="@+id/btn_get"
        />

</LinearLayout>

ImageView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="200dp"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground"
        android:maxHeight="200dp"
        android:maxWidth="200dp"
        android:adjustViewBounds="true"
        />

</LinearLayout>

ProgressBar

package a.b.c.myprogressbar;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ProgressBar progressBar;
    private ProgressBar progressBar2;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        progressBar = findViewById(R.id.pb);
        progressBar2 = findViewById(R.id.pb2);


    }

    public void leleClick(View view)
    {
        if(progressBar.getVisibility() == View.GONE){
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }else{
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        }
    }

    public void load(View view)
    {
        int progress = progressBar2.getProgress();
        progress+=10;
        progressBar2.setProgress(progress);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <ProgressBar
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/pb"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:text="显示或隐藏进度条"
        android:onClick="leleClick"
        />

    <ProgressBar
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:max="100"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/pb2"
        android:onClick="lele"
        />
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/btn2"
        android:text="模拟下载"
        android:onClick="load"/>

</LinearLayout>

Notification与NotificationManager

简单来说就是通知的小图标不能带颜色，标题、文本内容、小图标是必须要设置的

MainActivity

package a.b.c.mynotification;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private NotificationManager manager;
    private Notivication notification;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle saveInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);//这个用于将应用程序显示到屏幕边缘
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODE.0){
            NotificationChanner channer = new NotificationChanner("lele","测试通知",NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
            manager.createNofificationChanner(channel);
        }
        
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, NotificationActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
            this,
            0,
            intent,
            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE
            /*标志使用
PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE：创建一个不可变的 PendingIntent，这意味着意图内容不会被更改。
PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE：创建一个可变的 PendingIntent，这意味着意图内容可以在某些情况下被更改。*/
        );
        notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this,"lele")
            .setContentTitle("官方通知")
            .setContentText("人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇")
            .setSmallIcon(R.drabable.baseline_android_24)
            .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.drawable.ceshi1))
            .setColor(Color.parseCOlor("#ff0000"))
            .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
            .setAutoCancel(true)
            .build();
        public void sendNotification(View view){
            manager.notify(1,notification);
        }
        public void cacelNotification(View view){
            manager.cancel(1);
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送通知"
        android:onClick="sendNotification"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="cacelNotification"
        android:text="取消通知"
        />

</LinearLayout>

NotificationActivity

package a.b.c.mynotification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class NotificationActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        Log.e("lele","onCreate: 进入NotificationActivity");
    }
}

Toolbar

MainActivity
package a.b.c.mytoolbar;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.tb);



        toolbar.setNavigationOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.d("lele", "onClick: toolbar被点击了" );
            }
        });

        Toolbar toolbar2 = findViewById(R.id.tb2);

        toolbar2.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.baseline_arrow_back_24);
        toolbar2.setTitle("标题");
        toolbar2.setNavigationOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.e("lele", "onClick: toolbar2被点击了" );
            }
        });

    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/tb"
        android:layout_width="410dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#ffff00"
        app:logo="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground"
        app:navigationIcon="@drawable/baseline_arrow_back_24"
        app:subtitle="子标题"
        app:subtitleTextColor="#00ffff"
        app:title="标题"
        app:titleMarginStart="90dp"
        app:titleTextColor="#ff0000" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/tb2"
        android:layout_width="410dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:background="#ffff00" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
        android:layout_width="410dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#ffff00"
        app:navigationIcon="@drawable/baseline_arrow_back_24"

        >
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="标题"
            android:layout_gravity="center"

    </androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar>


</LinearLayout>

AlertDialog

MainActivity
package a.b.c.myalertdialog;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = "lele";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);



    }

    public void click(View view) {

        View dialogView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.dialog_view,null);
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
        builder.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground)
                .setTitle("我是对话框")
                .setMessage("你好啊")
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "onClick: 点击了确定" );
                    }
                })
                .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "onClick: 点击了取消" );
                    }
                })
                .setNeutralButton("中间", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "onClick: 点击了中间" );
                    }
                })
                .setView(dialogView)
                .create()
                .show();

    }
}

activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="click"
        android:text="显示对话框"/>
    
</LinearLayout>

dialog_view.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground"/>
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="今天天气怎么样"/>
    
</LinearLayout>

PopupWindow

MainActivity
package a.b.c.mypopupwindow;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.PopupWindow;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
    public void clidk(View view){
        View popupView = getLayoutInflater().inflaer(R.layout.popup_view,null);
        
        Button btn1 = popupView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        Button btn2 = poputView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);
        
        PopupWindow popupWindow = new PopupWindow(popupView, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CPNTENT,true);
        popupWindow.setBackgroundDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.tx));
        
        popupWindow.showAsDropDown(view);
        
                btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.e("lele", "onClick: 你是住在上海吗" );
                popupWindow.dismiss();
            }
        });
        btn2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.e("lele", "onClick: 你是住在北京吗" );
                popupWindow.dismiss();
            }
        });
        
        
    }
}    

activity_main
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="click"
        android:text="弹出PopupWindow"/>

</LinearLayout>


popup_view
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
    >

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/btn1"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:text="上海"
        android:textSize="18sp"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/btn2"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:text="北京"
        android:textSize="18sp"/>

</LinearLayout>